Apush Notes

1. The Shaping of North America 1. Written history started 6,000 years prior. It was 500 years prior that Europeans set foot on the Americas to start the time of precisely written history on the mainland. 2. The hypothesis of â€Å"Pangaea† exists recommending that the landmasses were once settled together into one uber mainland. The mainlands at that point spread out as floating islands. 3. Geologic powers of mainland plates made the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains. 4. The Great Ice Age push down over North America and scoured the current day American Midwest. 2. Peopling the Americas 1.The â€Å"Land Bridge† theory†¦ 1. As the Great Ice Age decreased, so did the icy masses over North America. 2. The hypothesis holds that a â€Å"Land Bridge† rose connecting Asia and North America across what’s today the Bering Sea. Individuals were said to have strolled over the â€Å"bridge† before the ocean level rose and closed it and in this way populated the Americas. 2. The Land Bridge is proposed as happening an expected 35,000 years back. 3. Numerous people groups emerged†¦ 1. Those gatherings that crossed the land connect spread across North, Central, and South America. 2. Incalculable clans developed with an expected 2,000 languages.Notably†¦ 1. Incas †Peru, with expound system of streets and scaffolds connecting their realm. 2. Mayas †Yucatan Peninsula, with their progression pyramids. 3. Aztecs †Mexico, with step pyramids and immense penances of vanquished people groups. 3. The Earliest Americans 1. Advancement of corn or â€Å"maize† around 5,000 B. C. in Mexico was progressive in that†¦ 1. At that point, individuals didn’t must be tracker gatherers, they could settle down and be ranchers. 2. This reality offered ascend to towns and afterward urban communities. 3. Corn showed up in the current day U. S. around 1,200 B. C. 2. Pueblo Indians 1.The Pueblos were the first American cor n producers. 2. They lived in adobe houses (dried mud) and pueblos (â€Å"villages† in Spanish). Pueblos are towns of work area molded adobe houses, stacked one on top the other and regularly underneath precipices. 3. They had expound water system frameworks to draw water away from streams to developed corn. 3. Hill Builders 1. These individuals fabricated immense stately and entombment hills and were situated in the Ohio Valley. 2. Cahokia, close to East St. Louis today, held 40,000 individuals. 4. Eastern Indians 1. Eastern Indians developed corn, beans, and squash in â€Å"three sister† farming†¦ 1.Corn developed in a tail giving a trellis to beans, beans grew up the tail, squash’s wide leaves kept the sun off the ground and hence kept the dampness in the dirt. 2. This gathering likely had the best (generally assorted) diet of all North American Indians and is exemplified by the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw (South) and Iroquois (North). 5. Iroquois Confedera tion 1. Hiawatha was the unbelievable pioneer of the gathering. 2. The Iroquois Confederation was a gathering of 5 clans in New York state. 3. They were matrilineal as power and assets went down through the female line. 4.Each clan kept their autonomy, yet met periodically to talk about issues of regular intrigue, similar to war/safeguard. 5. This was not the standard. As a rule, Indians were dispersed and isolated (and consequently frail). 6. Local Americans had an altogether different perspective on things when contrasted with Europeans. 1. Local Americans felt no man possessed the land, the clan kicked the bucket. (Europeans enjoyed private property) 2. Indians felt nature was blended in with numerous spirits. (Europeans were Christian and monotheistic) 3. Indians felt nature was hallowed. (Europeans accepted nature and land was given to man by God in Genesis to be curbed and put to utilize). . Indians had next to zero idea or enthusiasm for cash. (Europeans cherished cash or gol d) 4. Backhanded Discoverers of the New World1. The first Europeans to come to America were the Norse (Vikings from Norway). 1. Around 1,000 A. D. , the Vikings landed, drove by Erik the Red and Leif Erikson. 2. They arrived in â€Å"Newfoundland† or â€Å"Vinland† (because of the entirety of the vines). 3. Be that as it may, these men left America and left no put down account and in this manner didn’t get the credit. 4. The main record is found in Viking adventures or tunes. 2. The Christian Crusaders of Middle Ages battled in Palestine to recapture the Holy Land from Muslims.This blending of East and West made a sweet-tooth where Europeans needed the flavors of the outlandish East. 5. Europeans Enter Africa This substance copyright  © 2010 by WikiNotes. wikidot. com 1. Marco Polo headed out to China and worked up a tempest of European intrigue. 2. Blended in with want for flavors, an East to West (Asia to Europe) exchange thrived yet must be overland, in any event to some degree. This started new investigation down around Africa with expectations of a simpler (all water) route.3. Portugal actually began a cruising school to discover better approaches to get to the â€Å"Spice Islands,† in the end adjusting Africa’s southern Cape of Good Hope. . New advancements emerged†¦ 1. caravel †a boat with triangular sail that could all the more likely tack (crisscross) ahead into the breeze and in this way come back to Europe from the Africa coast. 2. compass †to decide heading. 3. astrolabe †a sextant thingamajig that could tell a ship’s scope. 5. Slave exchange starts 1. Subjugation was at first race-autonomous. A slave was whoever lost in fight. For the most part, slaves originated from the Slavic districts of Europe, thus the name. 2. The principal African slave exchange was over the Sahara Desert. 3. Afterward, it was along the West African coast.Slave brokers intentionally beat down clans and familie s so as to crush any conceivable uprising. 4. Slaves ended up on sugar ranches the Portuguese had set up on the tropical islands off of Africa’s coast. 5. Spain viewed Portugal’s accomplishment with investigation and slaving with envy and needed a bit of the pie. 6. Columbus Comes upon a New World 1. Columbus persuaded Isabella and Ferdinand to finance his campaign. 2. His objective was to arrive at the (East Indies) by cruising west, therefore bypassing the around-Africa course that Portugal hoarded. 3.He misinterpreted the size of the Earth however, thinking it 1/3 the size of what it was. 4. Along these lines, following 30 days or so adrift, when he struck land, he expected he’d made it toward the East Indies and hence mixed up the individuals as â€Å"Indians. † 5. This brought forth the accompanying system†¦ 1. Europe would give the market, capital, innovation. 2. Africa would give the work. 3. The New World would give the crude materials of gol d, soil, and lumber.7. At the point when Worlds Collide 1. Critical was the natural flip-lemon of Old and New Worlds. Basically, it was an exchange of life, for example, plants, nourishments, creatures, germs. . From the New World (America) to the Old 1. corn, potatoes, tobacco, beans, peppers, manioc, pumpkin, squash, tomato, wild rice, and so forth 2. likewise, syphilis 3. From Old World to the New 1. dairy animals, pigs, ponies, wheat, sugar stick, apples, cabbage, citrus, carrots, Kentucky country, and so on 2. decimating infections †smallpox, yellow fever, jungle fever as Indians had no invulnerabilities. 1. The Indians had no resistances in their frameworks developed over ages. 2. An expected 90% of all pre-Columbus Indians kicked the bucket, for the most part because of infection. 8. The Spanish Conquistadores 1.Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 †Portugal and Spain quarreled over who got what land. The Pope drew this line as he was regarded by both. 1. The line ran North- South, and hacked off the Brazilian bank of South America 2. Portugal got everything east of the line (Brazil and land around/under Africa) 3. Spain got everything west of the line (which ended up being considerably more, however they didn’t know it at that point) 2. Conquistadores is Spanish â€Å"conquerors†. 1. Vasco Balboa †â€Å"discovered† the Pacific Ocean over the isthmus of Panama.2. Ferdinand Magellan †circumnavigated the globe (he was the first to do as such). . Ponce de Leon †contacts and names Florida searching for amazing â€Å"Fountain of Youth†. 4. Hernando Cortes †enters Florida, goes up into present day Southeastern U. S. , passes on and is â€Å"buried† in Mississippi River, 5. Francisco Pizarro †overcomes Incan Empire of Peru and starts transporting huge amounts of gold/silver back to Spain. This enormous deluge of valuable metals made European costs soar (swelling). 6. Francisco Coronado †wandered into current Southwest U. S. searching for incredible Cibola, city of gold. He found the Pueblo Indians. 3. Encomienda framework built up 1.Indians were â€Å"commended† or given to Spanish landowners 2. The hopeful hypothesis of the encomienda was that Indians would deal with the cultivate and be changed over to Christianity. Be that as it may, it was fundamentally only subjection on a sugar manor guised as preacher work. 9. The Conquest of Mexico 1. Hernando Cortez vanquished the Aztecs at Tenochtitlan. 2. Cortez went from Cuba to introduce day Vera Cruz, at that point walked over mountains to the Aztec capital. 3. Montezuma, the Aztec lord, figured Cortez may be the god Quetzalcoatl who was because of re-give the idea that very year. Montezuma invited Cortez into Tenochtitlan. . The Spanish desire for gold drove Montezuma to assault on the noche triste, tragic night. Cortez and men battled out, yet it was smallpox that inevitably beat the Indians. 5. The Spanish at that po int crushed Tenochtitlan, building the Spanish capital (Mexico City) precisely on the Aztec city. 6. Another race of individuals rose, mestizos, a blend of Spanish and Indian blood. 10. The Spread of Spanish America 1. Spanish society immediately spread through Peru and Mexico 2. A danger originated from neighbors†¦ 1. English †John Cabot (an Italian who cruised for England) contacted the shore of the current U.S. 2. Italy †Giovanni de Verrazano likewise addressed the North American seaboard. 3. France †Jacques Cartier went into mouth of St. Lawre